William Shakespeare Essays (2075 words) - Kings Men,

William Shakespeare WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE William Shakespeare was a family man; he was a poet and a lasting literary figure. He is considered to be the most fascinating Elizabethan dramatist due to his writings and versatile life. Shakespeare's career has endured for centuries. He is one of the most studied authors of all time (Zender 22). Shakespeare did not attend a university, yet he created 144 poems and many plays, which are considered to be literary works of art. His writings in comedies and tragedies show his talent is unbounded. William Shakespear's popularity must have extended beyond his own expectations as it touches people even today (Zender 23). William Shakespeare was born in the year of 1564 and died in 1616. His education consisted mostly of Latin studies- learning to read, write, and speak the language fairly well and studying some of the classical historians and poets. A bond, dated November 28, 1582, was executed by two men of Stratford as a security to the bishop for the issue of a lic ense for marriage between Williams Shakespeare and Anne Hathaway of Stratford. One year later, a daughter named Susanna was born on May 26, 1583. On February 2,1585 twins were born Hamlet and Judith. Shakespeare's only son-died eleven years later (Groiler 1991). How Shakespeare spent the next eight years or so science 1585, until his name begins to appear in London Theater records, is not known. There are stories of stealing deer and getting into trouble with a local magistrate, of earning a living as a school master in the country, of going to London and gaining entry into the world of theater by minding horses of theater- goers. In the light of evidence, exploits of Shakespeare's life cannot be proved or dismissed. Shakespeare has often been viewed from the internal evidence of his writings. However, this method is unsatisfactory. One cannot conclude, for example from allusions to the law that Shakespeare was a lawyer, although he clearly was a writer who without difficulty could get whatever legal knowledge needed for the composition of his works. It is not clear how his career in the theater began; but from about 1594 onward, he was an important member of Lord Chamberlain's company of players, called the King's Men after the accession of King James I in 1603. The company had the best actor, Richard Burbage; they had the best theater, the Globe; and the best dramatist, Shakespeare. It is no wonder that the company prospered.Shakespeare became a full-time professional man of this own theatre, sharing in a cooperative enterprise and intimately concerned with the financial success of the plays he wrote (Groiler 1991). Shakespeare's will, made on March 25, 1616, is a long and detailed document. It included quite extensive properties to the male heirs of his elder daughter, Susanna. As an afterthought, Shakespeare bequeathed his second best bed to his wife, but no one can be certain what this notorious legacy means. The signature to the will was apparently in sh aky hands. Perhaps Shakespeare was already ill. He died on April 23, 1616. No name was inscribed on his gravestone. Within a few years a monument was erected. Its epitaph, written in Latin and inscribed immediately below the bust, attributes to Shakespeare the worldly wisdom of Nestor, the genius of Socrates, and the poetic art of Virgil (Groiler 1991). Shakespeare lived in a time when ideas and social structures established in the Middle Ages still influenced man's thoughts and behavior. Queen Elizabeth was a firm believer in divine power of the crown. She thought herself God's deputy on earth, lords and commoners had their dueplace in society under her, with responsibilities up through her to God and down to those of more humble rank. The order of things did not go unquestioned. Atheism was still considered a challenge to beliefs and way of life of a majority of Elizabethans, but the Christian faith was no longer the single religion, with expansion of the Anglican Church and the g rowing power of the Puritans. Commoners were becoming more literate and could read the scriptures for themselves. In philosophical inquiry, the question how became the impulse for advance, rather than traditional why of Aristotle (Davidow 42).

Data Back Up essays

Data Back Up essays In the article "IT Recovery Efforts Forge Ahead" by Eugene Grygo, the terrorist destruction that took place at the World Trade Center is talked about. Although this article is not about the many people who lost there lives or the retaliation the government will be taking in the future, it is about something that is just as significant. This article is about all the computers and databases with all there hard drives and information being destroyed to the amount that all the data inside will never be able to be recovered. Because of this, people are now thinking of newer and better ways to back up valuable computerized information. "Disaster recovery today is woefully inadequate". This quote by Jim Johnson (Chairman of the Standish Group, West Yarmouth) was proven in its entirety in the World Trade Center Attack. This is so because the thousands of computers and databases which were destroyed had lots of valuable and essential information on them. The information such as stock market numbers, lotus notes, client documents, e-mails, and other data intrusive information will never be recovered. Because of this, computer scientists and engineers are starting to think of new ways to back up and store information. One possible solution to their problem was using the ever-extraordinary Internet to backup important data. This, if you think about it, would be a great way to back-up information. This is so because the Internet is an extra large database. Currently, it can hold an inordinate amount of information, and since it only started about 20 years ago, it is safe to say that it will be getting larger. For example , when IP v. 5 comes out, the Internet will become 4 times bigger than it is now. Not only will the Internet be large enough, but it will also be simple enough to backup information on it. This is so because it includes ways to upload and download information to it. As a result of this, information would be able to be saved and re...

Emerald Energy Plc Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Emerald Energy Plc - Case Study Example The revenue earnings of Emerald Energy have shown a sharp increase during the year 2008 as compared to the previous year. The increase is significant to the extent of 94% over the sales revenue for the year 2008. The change in the sales revenue during the year 2007 as compared with 2006 is showing a decline of 3.38% over 2006 figures. This trend is depicted in the following graph. The ability of a firm to generate profits can be assessed by working out the profitability ratios for a historical period and by analyzing the sources of income. The gross profit margin, operating profit margin and net income as a percentage of total turnover presents a realistic view of the firm's ability to generate profits. "Profitability ratios offer several different measures of the success of the firm at generating profits." (NetMBA, 2007) The ratios worked out for the Company and the ratio derived for the industry from the published sources are presented below: The above table indicates that the profitability o... The gross margin has increased mainly because of the increase in the sales revenue due to higher prices of petroleum products during early 2008. The increase in gross margin can be traced to the lower cost of sales. The cost of sales for the year 2008 was 29.25% as against 69.92% for the year 2007. This accounts for the steep increase in the gross margin as well as the increase in the operating and net margins. The increase in the profitability can be observed from the following graph. Return on Shareholder's Equity (ROE) The return on shareholder's equity ratio is another important investment valuation ratio used by the investors to evaluate the profitability of the company and its ability to generate earnings by utilizing the capital invested by the equity shareholders. This ratio is considered as more meaningful to the investors. The return on shareholder's equity has increased significantly over the three year period. Presently as per the latest financial information available on the company, the return on shareholder's equity ratio is stated as 28.45% while the ratio for the industry stands at 17.53 (Reuters, 2009). Analysis of Operating Efficiency The working Capital ratios indicate how well the company is able to manage its working capital. "The asset management ratios are also known as working capital ratios or the efficiency ratios. The aim is to measure how effectively the firm is managing its assets." (NetTom, n.d.) The efficiency ratios for Emerald Energy are exhibited below: 2006 2007 2008 Industry Receivables Turnover (Times) 12.06 9.41 5.76 12.26 Total Assets Turnover

The impact of changes in political leadership on the foreign policies Essay

The impact of changes in political leadership on the foreign policies of the People's Republic of China - Essay Example This study will begin with the statement that China is one of the most rapidly developing countries in the world. Many people believe that China may become a superpower in near future itself and the supremacy of America in global political and economic matters will be ended shortly. Even though communism is prevailing in China for the last few decades, it doesn’t mean that China’s internal and external policies undergone no changes. Some of the communist leaders in the past were adamant in implementing communist policies whereas modern political leaderships seems to be adopting more liberal approaches in implementing communist policies in China. Deng Xiao Ping is considered as the father of modern China. Even though Mao was one of the most charismatic leaders of China, his economic and political policies were strictly in line with communist principles. He never tried to dilute communist principles even for the betterment of China. However, the leadership followed by Mao was not so, especially Deng Xiao Ping. Deng succeeded in putting strong bases to China’s economic growth without sacrificing many of the communist principles. The leaders succeeded by Deng were also followed the same path of Deng and currently China is one of the most prosperous countries in the world. Interpreting China’s foreign policy is an important key to understand the tides of global affairs in 1990’s, not only because China, with the world’s largest population wields demographic and economic clouts, but also it arguably the most dynamic country in the second half of twentieth century. (Zhao, 1996, p.4). As a key player in global economic and political spectrum at present, China’s foreign policies are studied with curiosity by political analysts. This paper analyses the impact of changes in political leadership on the foreign policies of the People's Republic of China. Political leadership and China’s foreign policies Sun Yat Sen era Sun Yat Sen is often referred as the father of China. He assumed power immediately after the destruction of Qing dynasty, but forced to resign in 1912 because of his differences with the Nationalist party and the government. But he was successful assuming power again in 1923. He was a visionary leader who worked hard for China’s economic progress. â€Å"Sun summarized his policies in the Three Principles of the People--nationalism, democracy, and socialism† (Chinese Cultural Studies). He was a great admirer of Soviet Union and was keen in keeping stronger ties with Soviet Union. He tried hard to implant a Soviet model of economic growth in China. He was a liberal leader and was not much adamant in implementing communist principles. In fact he had respect towards democracy. After the death of Sun Yat Sen in 1925, Chiang Kai Shek assumed power and continued the good work of Sun Yat Sen. Chiang Kai Shek Era Chiang Kai Shek was the leader of China till the Chinese Cultura l Revolution in 1949.he was successful in keeping China away from the two World Wars. He was keen in keeping good relations with Western countries such as America and Britain. He was a strong critic of communism and did everything possible to avoid the growth of communism in Chinese soil. However, October revolution in 1949, forced Chiang Kai Shek to accept defeat and hand over the power to communist leader Mao Zedong. Mao era Even though, Mao was responsible for the Cultural Revolution in China, his contributions to China’s economic progress were limited. He was a leader who strictly followed communist principles in all internal and external matters. â€Å"Mao followed an aggressive foreign policy towards China’s neighboring countries† (Hongyi, 2010, p.17). It should be noted that China attacked India during Mao era. At sunrise on October 20, 1962, China's People's Liberation Army invaded India with overwhelming force on two separate flanks - in the west in Lad akh, and in the east across the McMahon Line in the then North-East Frontier Agency. The

Chicano film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Chicano film - Essay Example Besides, the film Maria Full of Grace by Joshua Marston, an American film director deals with the cruelties of Columbian mafia. Thesis statement: Evaluation of the films- The Official Story, Like Water for Chocolate and Maria Full of Grace to unearth the socio-political influence on individual freedom. When one consider the purpose of a film, the mindset of the director towards his/her society gains due importance. In the film The Official Story by Luis Puenzo, the aim/purpose of the director is to unveil the crimes committed by despotic military regime in Argentina. Alberto Elana and Maria Diaz Lopez quote Jorge Abel Martin to illustrate the film’s importance as it portrays human life like a huge mirror which is capable to reflect thousands of faces in it (Elana and Lopez 182). The director’s aim is to force the viewers to identify their own emotions with that of the female characters in the film. The return of democratic system in 1983 opened a new phase of freedom to writers and directors in Argentina. The directors began to use cinema as a medium to express their views on the issues when Argentina was under military rule. So, the purpose of this film is to create awareness among mass about the recent history of Argentina. But on the other side, the purpose/ aim of the director of the film Like Water for Chocolate is to attract the attention of the viewers towards the inevitable change in the Mexican society and its attitude towards womenfolk. For instance, the female character Tita de la Garza is forced to stay unmarried due to the tradition of de la Garza family which does not allow the youngest daughter to lead a married life. Instead, Tita is forced to stay at her home and to take care of her family. This inhuman attitude supported by the tradition crush her love affair with Pedro. So, one can easily identify that the purpose of the film Like Water for

Strategic Moves to Company Success

Strategic Moves to Company Success Introduction E-commerce had brought much change in way business. It is enabled businesses to connect with each other in new way of thinking in every area on commerce. The turnover from usual business to e-commerce has anticipated exceeding far then expected by spectator. Many companies nowadays using e-commerce had been successfully gained more profit in their business such as amazon.com, e-Bay and mudah.com. These companies have their own features that show them as the highly rated successful companies. Most of these companies also have good strategies in planning their business that enables them to success. The Successful Companies through E-Commerce Amazon and E-bay is among company which allowed transaction electronically. There are the precursor in e-commerce that successfully success until today. Nowadays there are 5 most successful company using e-commerce, Amazon, Dell, Staples, Office Depot and Hewlett Packard. Amazon.com (1994) is one of the most famous e-commerce companies and founded by Jeff Bezos. Today, Amazon offers everything from books and electronics to tennis rackets and diamond jewelry. According to the research conducted, Amazon.com attracted about over 615 million customers every year. The ability of online friendly website by Amazon is one of the key of success for this company. Another company that been successfully in e-commerce is Dell Inc. Dell.com has made rapid strides, the company has achieved big profit in online sales. The companys effective strategy of selling products without retail has been admired by customers and many e-commerce dealers imitate their strategy. As same as Amazon, Dell success key factor is online friendly website. Most of successful companies achieve success by having their own characteristics and features that led them. Effective strategies also the key factor the companys success achievement. Features of Successful E-Commerce Company Many companies use e-commerce as one of the ways to gain profit. For each successful company, they have various features that help them in e-commerce business. The first feature is a clear vision and goal. The company must know exactly what they want to achieve in this business. Second feature is dare taking calculated risk. The key to success is daring to take necessary risk and considered investment as fuel of business in e-commerce. Next is, successful sites employ good advisors. By having advisor that can be trusted is essential. It is because company only can gain if having panels of experts that can advise in regulating strategy, tactic and expand the business. Another feature is successful sites can embrace technology and change. Keeping abreast of developments online is the key in online marketing, change in online way and understand way to read web analysis. The fifth feature is patience and a long-term view. The company constantly measure if they are gradually getting to their goal. More features are a commitment to and continuous improvement. The success company knew what they should do and always make improvement. Lastly is, success company must believe that there is no short cuts to make profit. There is some e-business people want to gain million of profit but hoping it come by doing nothing. Success company knew that is wrong. By keep focusing, hard work, constant improvement and commitment there are the real way to success in e-commerce business. Strategic Moves That Led Companies to Success? Fine method and strategy can lead companies to success. They are several ways that has been listed as strategic moves to led companies to success. First is Well-Positioned Online Brand. The companies must choose the market able brand name for their website. A brand name will draw customers to the companys website and can help assure customers about the quality of the offering, the accuracy of the information, can promote customer loyalty and the security of the web transactions. Second, Online-Friendly Offerings. It is about the selection and diversity of the company product. The companies must decide what products to offer on the website. Another diversity is offering customers the ability to obtain unique product or information. The diversity are important because it allows customers to control the product choices and at the same time it can built customers loyalty. The third move is Reliable Customers Service. It is to inspiring loyalty among customers. For the company to success the customer must trust the company and its website. Trust can be built through assurance of privacy and transaction security and by providing accurate information. As examples, many people purchase at Amazon.com rather than other website because it can be trusted by customers. Lastly, Right Business Planning.It is to acquire funding, nonfinancial resources and to obtain a realistic approach to the business. Important Elements in Implementing the Strategy There are many elements that guide E-Commerce strategies to success. It is such as is to consider full integration, partial corporate integration, and business unit integration all has positive aspects as strategies for e-commerce and are viable choices. Another element is companies must carefully coordinate new online services to enhance and protect their brand. Next is, in implementing and formulating e-commerce strategy throughout company operations, it must include Multi-channel coordination as the key success factor. More elements are successful e-commerce strategy must include special attention to customer service as it is core component of company strategy. A proper balance the use of commoditized solutions and unique uses of e-commerce can help company utilize effectiveness. It is to gain competitive advantage in strategy. Conclusion As conclusion, e-commerce business helps a lot dealer to expand their business. Profit achieved continuing growing for companies those involve in this electronic transaction business. It as we can see in achievement Amazon.com, E-bay and Mudah.com. More proud, now found many traders begin using e-commerce as one of the ways promotes their goods. Most successful companies in e-commerce have steady features that been a key to their success. This including the strategy that been used such as good business plan, online friendly website, reliable customers services, commitment in managing business, make improvement in services. With the right strategies, many dealers can easily gain more profit and expand their business around the world.

Terrorism and Subcultural Theory of Crime :: essays research papers

The horror of domestic terrorism is a problem all Americans should be concerned with, especially since there is a violent subculture in this nation which seeks out and indoctrinates people into their way of life. The crime that I will be focusing on during the course of this paper will be domestic terrorism, specifically hate groups such as the KKK, and various other white supremacy groups. The theory that I will be using to try and explain these crimes will be subcultural theory, but more especially the Subculture of Violence theory provided to us by Marvin Wolfgang and Franco Ferracutti. The reason I will be using his specific subcultural theory is because I feel that it bests describes how the people in these situations are desensitized to the evils they do and then begin to believe that the acts and beliefs are normal, or superior to all other views.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The issue of domestic terrorism has been a fairly recent phenomenon. With little attention given until such acts as the Oklahoma City Bombing and the Unabomber made national headlines. It is because of this that there has been little research done on the area and most of the research there is focuses on the hate groups associated with the acts of violence. A strong force in the domestic terrorist movement is the fervent anti-government stance that these groups internalize. As Mark Hamm wrote in 1997, â€Å"I used the term apocalyptic violence to depict not only the astounding carnage witnessed on that day, but also to describe the anti-government counter-culture to which Timothy McVeigh and his accomplices belonged. In this statement he is referring to the assault on the Branch Davidian complex in Waco, TX. It is believed by many that this is the act which pushed McVeigh to bomb the federal building in Oklahoma City. Hamm went on further to argue, â€Å"The fede ral government had created an apocalyptic subculture in the hinterlands of the USA. And that it had done so through its ruthless use-of-force at Waco.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is the belief of these groups, most specifically the white supremacy groups that the government is corrupt and run by inferior people, anyone not Anglo-Saxon white, and the country needs to be cleansed. The issue of hate groups has been plaguing this country for many decades but only in recent years have they begun to organize to the tune of committing massive acts of violence and terror.

Little Miss Oversexualized

Little Miss Over Sexualized The way that media portrays children today is just plain disgusting. Not only is it inappropriate, it also severely damages the self-esteem of children all over the world. When companies like Vogue put out advertisements of children as young as 10 years old dressed in skimpy clothes, full make-up, and posed very provocatively what does that say to every day children? This is how you need to look to be â€Å"beautiful† or this is how they need to dress and act to be one of the â€Å"cool kids†?The media, whether it is television, magazines, or newspaper are causing huge problems to the self-esteem of children today, especially young girls by putting out advertisements that over sexualize them. Established in 1892 and begun printing advertisements in 1909 Vogue Magazine has been the authority on high class fashion for the past one hundred plus years. (History of 1)In January 2011 edition of French Vogue published a full 15 page spread featuring Thylane Loubry Blondeau a 10 year child model in full make-up, dressed in stimulating clothing, and posed very provocatively.Needless to say this caused a big controversy about over sexualizing children, not only in France but around the world. â€Å"In Britain, Labor Parliament Member Helen Goodman called the photos ‘disgraceful and totally irresponsible†¦Vogue has descended into the gutter by doing this’ (10-year-old 1). Although most of these ads are not aimed directly at small children and pre-teens, they are viewed by them and the effect it is having on them is devastating. Children are developing several different emotional, psychological and physical issues.These issues include but are not limited to: inability to relate to peers, eating disorders, depression and even promiscuity. In her article â€Å"Sex images in media harming kids' mental health† Janelle Miles, a long time journalist for the Australian news publication â€Å"The Courier-Mailâ₠¬  writes: â€Å"Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists president Louise Newman said ‘evidence was emerging that childhood exposure to developmentally inappropriate sexualized images and messages was associated with low self-esteem, depression and eating disorders’.Professor Newman said child psychiatrists were seeing an increasing number of younger children presenting with negative self-esteem and body image issues. Exposure to sexualizing messages contributes to girls defining their self-worth and popularity in terms of sexual attractiveness, with negative impact on self-esteem,’ Prof. Newman said. ‘Excessive focus on appearance and a narrow definition of attractiveness has been found to contribute to the development of abnormal eating behaviors and a lack of positive body image.What's particularly concerning is some primary school-aged children, and even preschoolers, are presenting with some of these concerns. ‘I've seen children as young as four telling me . . . they're ugly’. That's appalling. Children are very receptive and influenced by what's in the world around them† (Miles 1). Although children are being exposed to a barrage of over sexualized print ads, the media does not stop there. Over the last twenty years television shows and commercials have begun to over sexualize young children and teens at an alarming rate.In 1995 the â€Å"Parent Television Counsel was founded to ensure that children are not constantly assaulted by sex, violence and profanity on television and in other media. This national grassroots organization has more than 1. 3 million members across the United States, and works with television producers, broadcasters, networks and sponsors in an effort to stem the flow of harmful and negative messages targeted to children. The PTC also works with elected and appointed government officials to enforce broadcast decency standards.Most importantly, the PTC produces critical res earch and publications documenting the dramatic increase in sex, violence and profanity in entertainment† (PTC Study 1) Increasingly alarming are the Television shows such as â€Å"Toddlers in Tiaras† and â€Å"Little Miss Perfect† showing parents pushing children as young as 2 years old to compete in beauty pageants. The parents scream and yell at these young children and sometimes guilting them into participating in these pageants. These kids are put into frilly dresses, make-up caked on their little faces, and they are told â€Å"if they don’t win mommy will be disappointed. What kind of message does this send to children who are in the middle of developing their identity? Interestingly in December 2010 the PTC completed a study called â€Å"Tinsel town’s New Target: A study of Teen Female Sexualization on Primetime TV. The content of this report was based on the most popular prime time shows among 12-17 year olds during the 2009-2010 televisio n seasons. The following are some alarming facts produced from that report: Underage female characters are shown participating in a higher percentage of sexual depictions compared to adults (47% and 29% respectively).Only 5% of the underage female characters communicated any form of dislike for being sexualized (excluding scenes depicting healthy sexuality). Out of all the sexualized female characters depicted in the underage and young adult category for the entire database, 86% were presented as only being of high school age. Seventy-five percent of shows that included sexualized underage female characters were shows that did not have an â€Å"S† descriptor to warn parents about the sexual content.Based upon a definition established by the American Psychological Association of â€Å"healthy† vs. â€Å"unhealthy† sexuality, the study findings show that 93% of the sexual incidents involving underage female characters occurred within a context that qualified as â €Å"unhealthy. † The data revealed that 98% of the sexual incidents involving underage female characters occurred outside of any form of a committed relationship. The data show that 73% of the underage sexualized incidents were presented in a humorous manner or as a punch line to a joke. PTC Study 1) Tim Winters the President of the PTC said â€Å"The results from this report show Tinsel town’s eagerness to not only objectify and fetishize young girls, but to sexualize them in such a way that real teens are led to believe their sole value comes from their sexuality. This report is less about the shocking numbers that detail the sickness of early sexualization in our entertainment culture and more about the generation of young girls who are being told how society expects them to behave†( PTC Study1). Contrary to the belief in this country, children of today’s society are not stupid.It has long been said by many different expert that children’s brain s process and absorb information twice as fast as an adult. Benjamin Barber a renowned political scientist who earned his Ph. D. from Harvard University in 1966 writes in his 1993 article â€Å"America Skips School. †: â€Å"The young, with their keen noses for hypocrisy, are in fact adept readers-but not of books. They are society-smart rather than school-smart, and what they read so acutely are the social signals emanating from the world in which they will have to make a living.Their teachers in that world, the nation’s true pedagogues, are television, advertising, movies, politics, and the celebrity domains they define. We prattle about deficient schools and the gullible youngsters they turn out, so vulnerable to the siren song of drugs, but think nothing of letting the advertisers into the classroom to fashion what an Advertising Age essay calls ‘brand and product loyalties through classroom-centered, peer powered lifestyle patterning’†(116). In conclusion advertisements that over sexualize children are not going to stop.The government needs to listen to the hundreds of studies that have been completed to show that these advertisements have a huge psychological and sometimes physical impact on children, and they need to put a stop to it. Parents, start teaching your children that they do not have to be a super model to be a good person, just be themselves. Works Cited Barber, Benjamin R. â€Å"America Skips School. † Writing On The River. 3RD ed. Chattanooga: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2012. 116. Print. Graff, Amy. â€Å"10-year-old Fashion Model Sparks Debate | The Mommy Files | an SFGate. om Blog. † The Mommy Files | an SFGate. com Blog. SFGate, 9 Aug. 2011. Web. 06 Nov. 2012. â€Å"History of Vogue Magazine. † History of Vogue Magazine. Vouge Magazine, n. d. Web. 12 Nov. 2012. Miles, Janelle. â€Å"Sex Images in Media Harming Kids' Mental Health. † CourierMail. Couriermail. com. au, 17 Mar. 2010. Web. 06 Nov. 2012. â€Å"PTC Study: Sexualized Teen Girls Are Tinseltown's New Target. † PTC Study: Sexualized Teen Girls Are Tinseltown's New Target. Parent Television Council, 25 Dec. 2010. Web. 06 Nov. 2012. .

Globalization Between Rich and Poor Countries

Globalisation may be the concept of the 1990s, a key by which we understand the transition of human society in to the third millennium. My essay will be focusing on the economic side of it. I will be explaining the MNCs effect on the poor countries in respect to the rich countries ( of course intending developed countries and less developed countries), in order to do so I will first need to introduce the concept of economic development. We will find that the impact of MNCs on LDCs can be under many aspects crucial to the development of the latter, even though it is important to bare in mind the positive contribution MNCs can bring in to LDCs. However in order to cover all the points of this wide topic, it would have been necessary to look at not only the economic side that there is to it , but as well political, social and cultural sides, which are here only briefly referred to. The main concern of theorists of imperialism has been to explain why rich ( or capitalist ) states behave the way they do toward poor states. With the birth of dozens of new states in the years after the Second World War, interest was sparked on the other side of the imperialistic coin, so to speak. From the point of view of this new states, understanding why states behave imperialistically is only part of the problem. The other part focuses on the question of how best to deal with richer, larger states to achieve economic well-being and political independence. Answers to this questions, so far at least, have been much more numerous than examples of success in attaining these goals. The experience of Third World countries in the four decades since the Second World War has demolished one theory after the other concerning the most effective ways to speed development. In the 1950's, the United States dominated the world economically, and Americans likewise tended to dominate the discussion about economic development in academic circles as well as in international forums. Even Americans, of course, had a variety of ideas about how the emerging new countries could best achieve economic growth, but a few basic themes and assumptions were widely shared. One implicit assumption was that England, the United States and other industrialised Western countries served as historical model that the new countries should try to emulate in their efforts to develop politically and economically. This emulation meant, in the orthodox view, that the new countries should adopt free enterprise systems based individual initiative and democratic political systems. In general, development theories in the 1950s stressed the importance of internal changes in the new states as the crucial steps toward economic development. On the other point of view, the dependency theorists, do not deny that internal changes are necessary, but from their point of view, orthodox analysts seriously underestimate the extent to which the problems of Third World countries are caused by factors external to those countries and the impact of the international economic and political environment on them. â€Å"It fiddles its accounts. It avoids or evades its taxes. It rings its intra-company transfer prices. It is run by foreigners from decision centres thousands of miles away. It imports foreign labour practices. It doesn't import foreign labour practices. It overpays. It underpays. It competes unfairly with local firms. It is in cahoots with local firms. It exports jobs from rich countries. It is an instrument of rich countries' imperialism. The technologies it brings to the third world are old-fashioned. No, they are to modern. It meddles. It bribes. Nobody can control it. It wrecks balances of payments. It overturns economic policies. It plays off governments against each other to get the biggest investment incentives. Won't it come and invest? Let it bloody come home. (The Economist, January 21, 1976, p. 68) It of course refers to Multinational Corporations. One reason why developing countries turned to bank loans in the late 1970's involved their suspicion about foreign investments by multinational corporations (MNCs). MNCs provoke some of this suspicion because they so large. In fact, many of them, by some measures , are larger economic units then developing countries. As can be seen in Appendix 1, if we compare the GNPs of countries with the gross annual sale of MNC's, several of the largest economic units in the world are not states, but corporations. In these terms, General Motors is bigger than Argentina, and Exxon is larger than Algeria or Turkey. Another reason that MNCs in developing countries provoke suspicion is that comparisons of inflows and outflows of capital associated with their activities shows, years after year and place after place, that MNCs take more money out of developing countries then they put in to them. In addition, critics of MNCs point out that these companies do not bring much money in to developing countries in the first place. Instead, they borrow from local sources or reinvest profits that they have earned in foreign countries. â€Å"Over the 1966-1976 period, 4 percent of all net new invested funds of U. S. transnational corporations in the less developed countries where reinvested earnings, 50 percent were funds acquired locally, and only 1 percent funds newly transfered from the United States† (emphasis added). Defenders of MNCs concede that inflows from investments by corporations in developing countries are typically smaller than outflows of repatriated profits. But such comparisons are irrelevant or misleading. The fact that corporations took more money out of Country X in 1998 that they put into that country in that same year does not prove that Country X is being â€Å"decapitalised†, because what comes out from Country X in the form of repatriated profits in that year is not a function of funds going into the country during that time. Rather the profits of 1998 are the result of corporate investments in several preceding years. Such comparison also ignore the facts that once capital is invested in a country (even if it is borrowed from banks within that country), it forms the basis of a stock of capital, which can grow and produce more with each passing year. In other words, once a factory is set up, some of the profits every year will be sent to the MNC's home country, and it is quite possible that no money will be brought in. But part of the rest of the profits, year after year, will be paid in taxes, and the remainder will be used to expand production, hire new people, and pay more each year in salaries and wages. This argument certainly does not end the controversies surrounding MNCs. They also are blamed for balance-of-trade problems, for using inappropriate capital-intensive technology (in countries where labour is in surplus supply), and for encouraging the rich to indulge in conspicuous consumption of luxury products instead of investing in the productive capacity of their countries, while at the same time persuading the poor to drink Coca-Cola instead of milk. Perhaps the strongest argument that can be made in defence of MNCs point out that in the long run, they are destined to get caught in dilemmas from which there is no obvious escape. Take, for example, the focus by critics on the enormous profits that they repatriate. If MNCs respond to this criticism by bkeeping that money in the host countries and reinvesting it there, they are unlikely to boost their own popularity. Continuous reinvestment will eventually become very threatening in the host country as MNCs expand and take over larger shares of domestic markets. If MNCs avoid capital-intensive technology and turn to more labour intensive production techniques, critics complain that they are using poor countries as dumping ground for obsolete technology. In general, the longer a MNC stays in a developing country, the more reasons there will be for it to become unpopular. When they first arrive, they create jobs and face the risk of failure. But after they have become established, the risks are minimal, and they seem to be sitting there raking in enormous profits. If the MNC hires many local people for important positions of responsibility, this is likely to speed the day when the nationals feel they can run the subsidiary on their own, without the help of the MNC. If the MNC keeps citizens of the host country out of management positions, that may lead even more quickly to antagonism on the part of the host country, whose citizens will argue that MNC's employment policies are designed to keep them in a position of permanent subordination and dependence. That subsidiaries of MNCs in developing countries will become unpopular seems all but inevitable, but that unpopularity is not necessarily deserved. They may serve for engines of development even if they provoke antagonism and opposition. Many researchers have tried to determine the overall impact of MNCs in developing economies by statistically analysing the relationship between foreign investments and economic performance . Some have found that foreign investments in Third World countries retards economic growth; additional analyses reveal correlations between foreign investments and inequalities in the distribution of wealth. But the weight of contrary evidence is such that conclusions regarding these controversies must be even more than normally tentative . Albert Szymansky concludes that much of the empirical work reporting deleterious effects of foreign investment â€Å"in reality†¦ demonstrates nothing more than how easy it is to produce just about any conceivable results with multivariate computer analysis- if one is willing to throw in enough control variables and utilise enough different sets of countries† . Although this comment may be insensitive to many complex problems that can make simple, seemingly more straightforward analyses even more misleading, it does voice what seems to be an increasingly common opinion about the impact of MNC investment in developing countries: the nature of the impact depends on how the government of a given country deals with it. (And how is dealt with is not inevitably determined by the presence of the investment. ) In other words, MNC investments can have bad effects, but dealt with effectively, they also can bring substantial benefits. As Robert Gilpin concludes, MNCs are â€Å"neither as positive nor as negative in their impact on development as liberals or their critics suggests. Foreign direct investment can help or hinder, but the major determinants of economic development lie within LDCs (less-developed countries) themselves† . However, dependency theorists would disagree. Their basic argument is that foreign investment, or any other economic contact that poor countries have with the world's economic system, particularly with the rich, capitalist, industrialised countries, has almost uniformly disastrous effects on the economic and political fortunes of those countries.

Back-Formation

Back-Formation Back-Formation Back-Formation By Maeve Maddox Back-formation is one of several methods by which new words are added to the language. An often-quoted example is the word pea. Before pea was created by back-formation, English had the singular noun pease. Here are two examples of its early use from the OED, (some spellings altered): All this world’s pride is not worth a pease. As like as one pease is to another. The plural was peasen: The leaves of beans and peasen Cherries, gooseberries, and green peasen Over time, as -s shoved out -en as the sign of the plural, speakers came to feel that pease was a plural; thus was born our singular pea and its plural form peas. Back-formation is especially frequent in the creation of new verbs. Some writers use the verb â€Å"to back form,† a back-formation of back-formation; so far, this coinage hasn’t made it into either the OED or M-W. Sometimes the coinage is intentionally jocular, as with the verb buttle from butler: â€Å"Nobody could buttle like James† Sometimes the new verb formed from a noun fills a need and is quietly absorbed into the language, like the verb edit from editor. At their first appearance in the language, back-formations often stir feelings of revulsion. Test your own reactions to the following sentences: I  hate  it when people  enthuse  too much over food. Ive met him twice, but never had  the chance to conversate. To what extentdid the US intelligence community surveil the anti-apartheid movement in the United States?† Now I would  never dis my  own mama just to get recognition.   Britains most senior police officer is liaising with US law agencies. Have you accepted the legitimacy of the back-formations that have created the verbs enthuse, conversate, surveil, dis (also spelled diss), and liaise? Or do you get that fingernail on the blackboard feeling when you see them or hear them? Conversely, gauge your reaction to these verbs: diagnose, donate, eavesdrop, evaluate, kidnap, manipulate, proliferate, and vaccinate. My guess is that the second list raised nobody’s blood pressure. Yet, each of the verbs in this list is a back-formation from a pre-existing noun: diagnosis, donation, eavesdropper, evaluation, kidnapper, manipulation, proliferation, and vaccination. Time and usage will determine whether back-formations like surveil and conversate will prevail. The determining factor will be usefulness. If the coinage is felt to fill a gap in the language, speakers will eventually embrace it. Related posts: â€Å"Kudo vs Kudos† â€Å"Vaccination and Baccalaureate† â€Å"Why We Love To Hate Liaise† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Punctuating â€Å"So† at the Beginning of a SentenceHomogeneous vs. Heterogeneous40 Words Beginning with "Para-"

Richard Nixon Effects on the Vietnam War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Richard Nixon Effects on the Vietnam War - Essay Example The first and foremost issue that confronted Nixon was the massive casualties that occurred on either sides of the war. Moreover the moral decays evidenced in the events of â€Å"My Lai Massacre†, â€Å"Green Beret Affair† and civilian cost in the operation â€Å"Speedy Express† infuriated the silent majority of the American to raise their voice against the war.1 But such a demand from the American mass posed a great dilemma for Nixon Government. On one hand Nixon had to retain the sublimity of the US image in the power politics in the international field during the rising tension of Cold War.2 But it was not possible through a quick Military withdrawal from war. On the other hand, he had to pacify the outraged mob who massively could contribute to his failure in the next election in case he failed to manage a decent way-out while retaining the sublimity of the US image. At home Nixon’s dilemma was -as it is said in â€Å"Richard M. Nixon - The Vietnam wa r† says- that â€Å"If his plan involved escalation, Democrats could charge that he was abandoning attempts to reach a peaceful solution and could point to mounting American casualties and prisoners of war. If he negotiated a solution that led to the fall of the government in Saigon, Democrats could charge that he had abandoned an ally†.3 Indeed this situation was reflected greatly and played crucial role in shaping Nixon’s policy for the Vietnam War. Now though Nixon became successful to retain his position in the Oval Office in the election of 1973 and also to retain the US big-brother image in international power politics, he failed, to a great extent, to help the war. But in return he had to turn the upside of the US foreign policy down by sacrificing America’s image as the savior of â€Å"Democracy†.4 Nixon’s offensive stance, the â€Å"Madman† doctrine seems to lie at the root of all these failures, because it can be convened tha t his defensive stance would have helped more the causes of South Vietnam to survive as a democratic state than the â€Å"Madman Doctrine† could do. What Started the War? The root of the Vietnam War dates back in the year 1955. An in-depth analysis of the war is essentially bound to yield the fact that the war fairly turns from the colonial struggle of the French into the war of the US democratic interest. From the viewpoint of the US Government the US involvement in the war was meant to prevent the proliferation of communism over South Vietnam. But as per the North Vietnamese people as well as the common Vietnamese’s view, the war was the Vietnamese struggle against the colonial power, which was initially fought against the French. But later it turned against South Vietnam that was backed by the US Army. During the Cold War after the Second World War, the US Foreign Policy Makers concentrated their attention to hold the US power on the regional politics in Asia. As a legacy of this policy, the Johnson Government grabbed the opportunity to strengthen its hold on South Vietnam. Obviously the propaganda behind the US Military reinforcement was that â€Å"non-communist South Vietnam was invaded by communist North Vietnam and that the United States came to the aid of the â€Å"democratic† regime in the South†.5 According to Pilger, the US reason to involve in the war is still vague because the US involvement

The Case Backgruond Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Case Backgruond - Essay Example A large or small business organization’s survival and business growth generally depends upon the ability to successful implementation of organizational change process. The following part of the study will provide the definition of organizational change process. Moreover, the study will discuss why the multinational organization is trying to implement organizational change process in their business process. Organizational change can be defined as the process of change that has a significant impact on the business and organizational performance. Moreover, this change process has a significant effect on the employees and every organizational aspect (Malopinsky, 2007, p.244). There are several types of organizational change process. From these, two major categories have been discussed below (Stickler, 2011, p.38). The subsystem organizational change include removal or addition of a good or service, new process implementation, certain department’s reorganization in order to propose effective and quality product or services (Khedher, 2009, p.151). On the other hand, organizational wide change comprise of major collaboration, rightsizing and restructuring. Incremental change includes systematic improvement of quality management considering the operational process or applying new computer system in order to increase the efficiency. On the other hand, transformational organizational change includes structure or culture changing process of an organization, such as hierarchical structure, organization’s top-down structure and many more (Collns, 1998, p.71). Critical Review It is identical from the case study that, the multinational company was into a retailing business. It is very much justified that, being a multinational company, it tried to expand business as improved system. Moreover, it is identical from the case to focus on the customer development strategy in order to make a strong presence in the global competitive market. The organization is suffering from several problems such as, over capacity of production, lack of effective HR policies and marketing support, inadequate organizational structure, lack of flatter and virtual organizational hierarchy. In order to improve these organizational issues, the organization has decided to employ organizational change process. Effective organizational change process will help the organization to achieve their global business goals and objectives. Major objective and aim of the study is to offer an effective organizational change process strategy in order to overcome the problematic issues of the multinational company. This project will determine the critical analysis of challenges. Kurt Lewin’s organizational change process has been discussed in order to implement the change process in the multinational organization. An effective management and communication plan for the multinational organization can be formulated in the succeeding parts of this assignment. Critical Anal ysis It is identical from the case study that, the organization is suffering from several problems. First of all, the organization is suffering from the over production capacity problem. It is one of the major concerns of the organization. Over capacity of production generally addresses excessive production considering the required market demand. Moreover, the