Friday, May 22, 2020
The Cuban Missile Crisis The Most Dangerous Time
ââ¬Å"The Cuban Missile Crisisâ⬠By the 20th century world conflict had claimed the lives millions of innocent lives displacing families and destroying homelands. In the in midst of the Cold War, tension grew between the United States and the Soviet Union and led to a stand-off between both nations over nuclear armed missiles placed in Cuba, Italy, and Turkey. The world was on the brink of catastrophe as two super powers were engaged in a competition to show military superiority. For decades, historians have debated that the Cuban Missile crisis was the most dangerous time in history. Within this 16 day span the world would be on edge, as the possibility of nuclear warfare was as close as it has ever been. Prior to the Cuban Missile Crisis,â⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Cubaââ¬â¢s economy flourished. The U.S. investments in Cuba were greater than any other country in Latin America, hence, Cuba had the largest per capital income in Latin America. ( ) However, Cuba itself wasnââ¬â¢t benefiting from the economy. The mortality rate was steadily increasing due to healthcare services not being offered in the more poverty stricken parts of Cuba. Most of Cubaââ¬â¢s inhabitants were illiterate and furthermore Fulgencia Batista was a corrupt dictator whose interest were solely in seeing American business succeed, thus, causing the people of Cuba to suffer. Cuba needed to be socially reformed. The social and economic oppression led Fidel Castro to begin the revolt for reform and in 1959 Castro overthrew Batista and seized power of Cuba. For the first time in 427 years Cuba was not subjected by any foreign power. Fidel Castroââ¬â¢s triumph was glamorized in U.S. media and he was invited to visit the states to meet with President Eisenhower, however, Eisenhower refused to meet with him. Fidel Castroââ¬â¢s ultimate goal was to make Cuba a sovereign nation, and rid Cuba of any U.S. influence. Fidel Castroââ¬â¢s nationalistic ideals differed from those of a capitalist ideals of the United States, Castro saw American business in Cuba as means of control and knew that he couldnââ¬â¢t address the real issues with the influence of the U.S. Castro began his reform by nationalizing many American owned
Thursday, May 7, 2020
The First Round Of Tournament Play For The Silver Division
We officiated the first round of tournament play for the silver division. The teams playing were Northern Impact 16ââ¬â¢2s team and Crex 15ââ¬â¢s team. The first set was uneventful; however, the second set issues started to arise. Northern Impact had run a 5-1 in the first set and the second set, but with different setters. Issues started to arise as I called them first on being out of rotation as the setter was in the incorrect spot before the server on the opposing team had made contact. I then proceeded to call her on multiply carries. After the second time calling her, I turned to her coach and told her that the player in question had to quicken up her contact as she was almost catching the ball, bringing it to her chest, and then throwingâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Specifically the parents being inappropriate and the players foul language and attitude. When I found the site director, I explained to her the calls I made and my reasoning behind them. She said she knew whi ch setter I was referring to and said that she had recently run a setting clinic to try to fix these issues. I also spoke about my concern over the parents behavior. I stated that I was disappointed that parents were acting this way and that I felt that the situation was inappropriate. I also expressed concern that my player had felt threatened to have an upset parent approach her while she was officiating. After speaking with her, I returned to the gym as we had to play Howard Lake. We played Howard Lake and won the first set. When we were about 13 points into the second match, I had another Northern Impact parent approach me while we were playing a match, when we werenââ¬â¢t playing their team, and accuse my girls of making racist and threatening comments to a Northern Impact player. I know that this is untrue simply by the fact that both Chad and I were by the girls the entire match and would have heard any interaction that would have taken place. I told the parent that this was neither the appropriate place or time to be having this discussion and I would happily discuss her concerns after our match. She continued to yell at meShow MoreRelatedProfessional Hockey Players652 Words à |à 3 PagesNational Hockey League who are still excelling well into their 40ââ¬â¢s, contributing on a nightly basis. They are Martin Brodeur, Teemu Selanne, Jaromir Jagr, and Daniel Alfredsson. Daniel Alfredsoon, the longtime captain of the Ottawa Senators, now plays for the Detroit Red Wings. Alfredsson is 41 years old and is currently second on the team this season in goals, having lit the lamp 17 times. With injuries to stars Pavel Datsyuk and Henrik Zetterberg, Alfredsson has been able to step up and provideRead MoreGraduation Speech : College Athletes3520 Words à |à 15 Pagesscouts come in; you can get scouted for middle school basketball as well as in high school. The summer of freshman Year is around the time you are invited to join popular camps and play for their summer league. By the time your senior year has arrived you already have a few schools in mind that show interest in you to play college basketball. ââ¬Å"National Signing Dayââ¬Å" is the big day. On that day every year hundreds of student athletes from around the nation announce what school they will attend in theRead MoreJackie Robinson And The Civil Rights Movement1414 Words à |à 6 PagesNear ly all public institutions were segregated. Libraries, schools, transportation, the armed forces. Sports teams were just as rigorously divided into two sects--the Negro leagues and the major leagues. There was no question about which division a black man would play for. Nobody dared cross the rift between whites and blacks; they were too afraid. Eventually, however, all it took was one man to begin breaking down the barrier. Jackie Robinsonââ¬â¢s time in baseballââ¬â¢s major leagues broke color lines andRead MoreNetball Is A Ball Sport Played By Two Teams Of Seven Players6558 Words à |à 27 Pagesattempts to score goals by passing a ball down the court and shooting it through its goal ring. Players are assigned specific positions, which define their roles within the team and restrict their movement to certain areas of the court. During general play, a player with the ball can hold on to it for only three seconds before shooting for a goal or passing to another player. The wi nning team is the one that scores the most goals. Netball games are 60 minutes long. Variations have been developed to increaseRead More jennie Finch Essay3404 Words à |à 14 Pages ââ¬Å"You play like a girl!â⬠used to be one of baseballââ¬â¢s classic insults. Not anymore. Softball diva Jennie Finch has made it cool to not only throw like a girl, but to run, field and hit like one, too. Not since Babe Ruth has a player dominated so completely from the pitching rubber and the batterââ¬â¢s box, and she even gives the Bambino a run for his money in the charisma department. Jennie has also accomplished something Ruth never could: She is showing the boys itââ¬â¢s okay to be one of the girls. ThisRead MoreSepak Takraw3992 Words à |à 16 PagesSepak takraw From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Sepak takraw Highest governing body ISTAF First played 15th century Characteristics Team members 3 Mixed gender single Categorization Indoor, beach Equipment rattan ball Olympic No Sepak takraw (Malay: sepak takraw or sepak raga, Jawi: à ³ÃÅ Ã ¤Ãâ à ªÃÆ'à ±Ã §ÃË or à ³ÃÅ Ã ¤Ãâ à ±Ã §Ã ¬Ã §; Thai: à ¸â¢Ã ¸ °Ã ¸ à ¸ £Ã ¹â°Ã ¸ , RTGS: takro; Lao: à º à º °Ã ºâ¢Ã » à »â° ka-taw; Filipino: sipa; Vietnamese: cá º §u mà ¢y),[1] or kick volleyball, is a sport native to the Malay-Thai Peninsula.[2] Sepak takraw differsRead MoreThe One and Done Rule: Nba6757 Words à |à 28 Pagesunreasonable. In the third annual High School Hoops magazine, many players began to weigh in on the subject of the new rules regarding draft eligibility. Kansas State freshman Bill Walker said, Iââ¬â¢m against it. I donââ¬â¢t see why you have to be 19 to play a game of basketball when you can be 18 and go to war for our country and die. Itââ¬â¢s ridiculous. Jerryd Bayless said Itââ¬â¢s not fair at all. If a tennis player can go pro at 13, I donââ¬â¢t understand why a basketball player canââ¬â¢t go pro at 18 (BodenburgRead MorePhysical Fitness7979 Words à |à 32 PagesPhysical education (often abbreviated Phys. Ed. or P.E.) or gymnastics(gym or gym class) is a course taken during primary and secondary educationthat encourages psychomotor learning in a play or movement exploration setting. Physical education trends have developed recently to incorporate a greater variety of activities. Introducing students to activities like bowling, walking/hiking, or Frisbee at an early age can help students develop good activity habits that will carry over into adulthood.Read MoreCorrectional Administration Reviewer18383 Words à |à 74 Pages1870- the National prisons Association organized in Cincinnati, Ohio. ï ± 1872- the First International Congress was held at London w/c established the International Penal and Penitentiary Commission; 1875- its headquarters was established at Hague, Netherlands. ï ± 1876- the Elmira Reformatory was established in New York. ï ± the First separate institution for women were established in Indiana and Massachusetts. DIVISIONS OF CRIMINOLGY: 1. Sociology of Law is an attempt at scientific analysis of the conditionsRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words à |à 860 PagesPROJECT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES, SECOND EDITION - PROJECT MANAGEMENT CASE STUDIES, SECOND EDITION HAROLD KERZNER, Ph.D. Division of Business Administration Baldwin-Wallace College Berea, Ohio John Wiley Sons, Inc. This book is printed on acid-free paper. @ Copyright O 2006 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Published by John Wiley Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Childrens Drawings Free Essays
What do childrenââ¬â¢s drawings tell us about childrenââ¬â¢s minds? The topic of childrenââ¬â¢s drawings and their relation to a childââ¬â¢s cognitive processes, particularly thoughts is a topic of great interest. It is widely believed that children often express feelings, thoughts and messages which they cannot express through words through drawing pictures. This essay reviews previous research conducted on childrenââ¬â¢s drawings and aims to assess what exactly it tells us about their minds and what messages they are putting down in drawings. We will write a custom essay sample on Childrens Drawings or any similar topic only for you Order Now Following an overview of drawing and the cognitive development, this essay evaluates a selection of relevant research studies into childrenââ¬â¢s drawings and minds and aims to understand some specific symbols which are often drawn by young children and the meaning of these graphic images. According to Thomas Silk (1990), childrenââ¬â¢s drawings have a variety of different purposes varying from bringing pleasure and enjoyment to themselves, decorating walls and expressing feelings and showing others how they feel about certain objects or people. N. R. Smith (1973) believes that the child begins the drawing with no intention or symbolisation, but as the drawing progresses a pattern is made and the child sees a representation and then proceeds to make the rest of the drawing shift towards this representation and builds on that. The basic pattern of childrenââ¬â¢s development of drawings begins at scribbles which appear from 12 months. The scribbles are non-representational and just involve the progressive control of movement. These scribbles tend to be viewed as gestures rather than drawing in true sense of the world according to Vygotsky. Arnheim (1956) believes that the earliest scribbles are a motor impulse, this simply means the child has no intention to draw a representation of an object or event it is just a coincidence. They begin to progress from 20 months of age where the scribbles being to become representational and the marks stand for whole objects. Cognitive psychologists tend to search these scribbles for visual resemblance where they attempt to make some sense of it. There is often some intended meaning within the scribbles, for example dots representing foot prints but not true representation. Symbolic pictures start to appear around 3 years of age where children begin to understand that pictures represent objects and begin to start drawing simple pictures of people. Over time more realistic pictures are drawn around 5/6 years old and at 6/7 years old children begin to use size, position and composition to show depth, those of which allow more natural representations of the real world and tend to have a more significant meaning. Luquet (1927) and later on Piaget Inhelder (1969) invented the Stage Theory of Drawing. This is the belief that drawings are external representations of the childââ¬â¢s internal model which is their mental picture. The stage theory consists of four stages. The first stage is fortuitous realism which occurs at 1. 5-2. 5 years old and consists of labelling objects in scribbles. The second stage is failed realism (2/5-5 years old), representational intention but tends to be inaccurate. The third stage being intellectual realism (5-8 years old), drawing what the child knows rather than what they see and the fourth stage, visual realism which is beyond 8 years old which is where the child actually draws what they see. There has been evidence to back up the stage theory, for example Freeman Janikoun (1972) conducted a study in 1972 on 5-7 year olds. They were asked to draw a mug in front of them which had the handle out of view. Results found that under 8 year olds who would be in the intellectual stage drew the mug which included the hidden parts as they would be drawing what they knew, whereas the 8 year olds and over who would be in the Visual stage drew only what they could see. However the stage theory has been criticised for the stages being too rigid leading to underestimating the childââ¬â¢s ability. Barret, Beaumont Jennett (1985) also found that instructions can have an impact on the childââ¬â¢s drawing. They found that if children were given standard instructions, i. e. just telling them to draw what they can see, only 11% of drawings would be correct whereas if they were given explicit instructions, i. e. draw exactly what they can see and look at it very carefully in order to draw it as you see, 65% of drawings were correct. It is also argue that the stage theory can vary over different cultures. The human figure is a drawing particularly investigated as it is regarded to be a way in which children express something about themselves. Researchers believe they can explain a childââ¬â¢s personality and their current emotional state. Tests were created to investigate this, for example the Kinetic Family Drawings Test claimed to measure how children felt about the topics in the drawing and their wider environment. However further research was conducted to assess the reliability and validity of this test and results proved to be quite poor meaning the test was not a reliable indicator of childrenââ¬â¢s emotions and drawings. However it is the more recent research which is providing evidence that childrenââ¬â¢s drawings do show childrenââ¬â¢s feelings as they tend to focus more on particular drawing styles, drawing size and colour which show that the drawings can be investigated systematically (Burkitt, 2004). This can cause some confusion though because it is difficult to understand what aspect of emotion a child is conveying through a large or small figure, however as this topic is increasingly looked it, it is coming to the conclusion that if the child is feeling happy and feels positive towards the figure they are drawing then the figure size tends to be larger whereas a smaller figure will be used if the child is feeling negative. This is useful in understanding how children are feeling simply by analysing their drawings. Childrenââ¬â¢s drawings are often described as a mirror of a childââ¬â¢s representational development, meaning that as children grow older they develop more complex and representational strategies of drawing. These are also furthermore differentiated by gender. A study conducted by Cherney et al. (2006) collected drawings from 109 5-13 year olds of the childââ¬â¢s family and school. The results showed significant age and gender differences revolving around the amount of detail included in the drawings of the school showing that females included more. The drawings also showed stereotypical drawings between males and females pictures showing that genders represent families differently. The drawings of the families suggested that the femaleââ¬â¢s drawings may represent their experiences with family relationships and they tend to value these relationships more than males. These results also showed that with age, the drawings became more realistic which supports the findings of several previous studies on drawing development with age leading to more representational drawings. Girls also drew the female figures taller than the boys which may be reflective of how she feels about the relationships in her life and that she values her fellow female friends more dearly. The taller figures can also indicate high self-esteem. It is suggested that differences in motor skills may confound the findings. The colours used in childrenââ¬â¢s drawings can also help play a part in discovering the childââ¬â¢s mind. For example Dr Winter (2006) states that when a child draws in dark colours such as black and grey, it does not immediately mean that there is something wrong with the child, however if the child is onstantly using black, grey and other dark colours in favour of other brighter, cheerful colours, it could suggest the child has some sort of problem which is worth investigating. A study by E. Burkitt A. Davis (2003) was conducted to investigate the use of childrenââ¬â¢s colour choice in drawings and how these colours related to what they thought of the dr awings. It consisted of 330 4-11 year olds. It was found that children used the colours which they preferred more to colour in the objects they thought to be nice and used their least favourite colours for the objects they thought to be nasty. It was also found that the colour black was the most frequently used colour used for the negative images. These findings help interpret childrenââ¬â¢s drawings just by looking at what colours are used and this will help give an understanding of the childââ¬â¢s thoughts on the object. So in general childrenââ¬â¢s drawings which use bright and bold colours tend to be viewed as positive and assume the child is experience happy cognitions whereas when a child uses dark colours it is assumed that the child may be experiencing distress and negative cognitions. However Burkitt (2003) criticised this and argued that when a child uses a dark colour it may not necessarily mean they are expressing a negative attitude, it could simply be that the child favours this colour and they want to express this in their drawing by using their favourite colour. The things that children may not be able to tell themselves can often be found through interpretations and observations of their drawings of graphic symbols. Previous research found the main and clearest signs found in drawings are over sized ears without earrings which could suggest the child is experiencing some sort of verbal abuse in their life, big hands in a drawing suggest that the child is experiencing some sort of physical abuse and aggression, if a drawing of a person has no mouth it is suggested that the child finds it difficult to communicate and drawings of a person with jagged teeth, spiked fingers and hair relate to aggressive behaviour. However to properly interpret childrenââ¬â¢s drawings, these patterns must be consistent over time and not just occur once otherwise it is highly likely it will have no meaning or representation and is just a random occurrence with significance at all. Wales believes that as we begin to summarize characteristics of childrenââ¬â¢s drawings and watch them develop and change throughout childhood we soon see that the observations that are made on the hildrenââ¬â¢s drawings are in fact the product of our own interpretations and what we believe the picture is showing. The question of how children draw pictures which differ so much from adults is a major question which often causes debates such as is there actually a message there or is it just a typical childââ¬â¢s drawing which has no significance or meaning whatsoever. Many questions arise involving this research area once people attempt to make sense of childrenââ¬â¢s drawings, however many people believe childrenââ¬â¢s drawings should be left as they are without investigation as they believe it is mysterious and imaginative. The research looked into for this essay has shown that the main indicators used in childrenââ¬â¢s drawings which help to understand childrenââ¬â¢s thoughts, messages and emotions are the colours used and the figure size. The research into childrenââ¬â¢s drawings in relation to childrenââ¬â¢s minds has found many results showing that drawings do relate to the childââ¬â¢s cognitions however all research into interpreting childrenââ¬â¢s drawings and what it tells us about their minds can be criticised because it could just be that the child enjoys drawing something particular and their decision to draw what they are drawing is always influenced by their own knowledge of the object and their own thoughts and interpretations on the object and what bits are important about it. The drawing is a representation of how the child sees the world themselves and it is thought that to alter this information by adding adult interpretations and to investigate more into it is a shame. As the childââ¬â¢s cognition capacity increasing, children are more able to express representations as they move from simple drawings, to complex drawings. It is difficult to conclude whether these drawings actually represent something to the child or whether it is simply our own interpretations and representations. References Barret, Beaumont Jennett. (1985). The effect of instructions on view-specificity in young childrenââ¬â¢s drawing and picture selection. The British Psychological Society, 8 (4), 393-400. Burkitt, E. Davis, A. (2003). Childrenââ¬â¢s colour choices for completing drawings of affectively characterised topics. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 44, 445-455. Burkitt, E. (2004). Drawing conclusions from childrenââ¬â¢s art. The Psychologist, 17, 566-568. Cherney et al. (2006). Childrenââ¬â¢s drawings: A mirror to their minds. Educational Psychology, 26 (1), 127-142. Chia, N. (2006, October 26). Understand your children through their drawings. LESNET Web Blog. Retrieved December 12, 2012, from http://www. lsesnet. com/blog/? p=28 Freeman, N, H. Janikoun, R. (1972). Intellectual realism in childrenââ¬â¢s drawings of a familiar object with distinctive features. Child Development, 43 (3), 1116-1121. Grieve, R. Hughes, M. (1991). Understanding children. 140-144. Luquet. (1927). Stage Theory of Drawing Meadows, S. (1993). Childrenââ¬â¢s drawings. The child as a thinker. The development and acquisition of cognition in childhood. 94-96. Thomas, G. Silk,A. (1990). An introduction to the psychology of childrenââ¬â¢s drawings. Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Self-Reflective Assessment 1/ How did you search for and identify suitable reading for this assignment? Has your reading been sufficiently wide enough and does it make good use of peer-reviewed sources? I used Google scholar, e-library, books from the library and the references provided in the lecture PowerPoint slides to find suitable reading on childrenâ⬠â¢s drawings and childrenââ¬â¢s minds and it was sufficiently wide enough. All readings were suitable and related to the essay question. 2/ How does your Introduction orientate the reader? How well do you identify the purpose and scope of the essay, and outline your thesis? My introduction orientates the reader because I stated what the essay was about in general and I stated how it has been addressed by previous researchers. I identified the purpose of the essay well as I addressed the main issue of how it is believed that childrenââ¬â¢s drawings can explain a childââ¬â¢s cognitions. My thesis was outlined well as I summarised the structure of the essay and what it will include. 3/ What evidence have you used to support your argument and the points or claims you make? Are your sources reliable, and have you cited these at appropriate points throughout the essay using APA style? I used APA style to cite my sources throughout my essay. I have used evidence from previous studies conducted, journals and books to support my arguments and points made. These are all very reliable sources and have been put in my reference section also. 4/ How well have you critically evaluated your material? I tried to criticise and argue to an extent against as many points and argument as I possibly could in my essay so that more viewpoints come across giving me more to evaluate. 5/ How well have you answered the question and avoided unnecessary digression or irrelevant content? I believe that all of my contents are relevant to the question in one way or another. Every point relates back to what the childrenââ¬â¢s drawing can tell us about their mind and tried also to explain why when possible. 6/ How well does your conclusion summarise the overall argument and round off the essay? The conclusion summarises the overall argument well as it includes all the main, important parts from each study rounded up into one to make an overall conclusion. The essay is rounded off with a final and straight, simple answer to the essay question. . How to cite Childrens Drawings, Papers
Monday, April 27, 2020
To Kill Amocking Bird_theme Comparison Essays -
To Kill Amocking Bird_theme Comparison In my opinion theme with the most impact in 'To Kill a Mockingbird is Hypocrisy as shown in three main incidents . These are the teachings of Ms Gates about the atrocities of Adolf Hitler whilst she hated blacks ; the missionary circle trying to show how Christian they are while believing that to be a brother of Christ you must be white and finally the hypocrisy of the American court system in the 30's by saying they stand for justice. In Ms Gates' classroom we read about her teaching her class that the Jews are being persecuted against by the Nazi's. According to Ms. Gates this is un Christian and she finds these actions despicable. The hypocrisy of this teaching is shown as soon as she mentions the word 'persecution'.This is due to the fact that she herself is persecuting the black people of Maycomb by not raising an eyebrow to the killing of an innocent black man. This lady shows her blindness to the racial problems of the Deep South ( where she lives ) but feels a lot of empathy for the Jews who are being mistreated and slaughtered in Germany ( many thousands of miles away ) . The missionary circles in the 1930's working in the south of America show the two faced nature of white citizens several times in each meeting . One strong example that springs to mind is Mrs Mariweathers positive comments about a Christian explorer in Africa helping the evil savages see the light of Jesus Christ whilst on the other hand she condemns Attacus for helping an innocent Negro . These so called Christian women safely say well done to a man helping African black people ( who were happy with their lives in the first place ) but if anyone should help out a black person anywhere near them it then becomes 'Nigger loving' and should be condemned by all within the community. It creates a double standard by showing that as long as racial problems do not involve them directly they can be tolerant. The American Courts of the 1930's were also hypocritical.Truth and Justice were held as the most basic right for Americans. Truth in the Tom Robinson case was never a factor. The white jury knew that Bob Ewell had beaten and raped his daughter Mayaella Ewell and that Tom was innocent .But because a human being had more colour pigment in their skin it was assumed they would be guilty without question ,so truth was never a factor .Justice also the pride of the American legal system in the past ,and now but once again in the Tom Robinson trial ,no matter how much evidence was presented in favour of Tom to prove his innocence, justice wasn't done because Tom had more pigment in his skin than the jurors thereby he was assumed to be guilty. In my opinion members of the Maycomb community are trying to fool themselves into believing that they are model citizens and good Christians, even though a small number amongst them know that they are wrong to persecute and hate due to colour . Hypocrisy and racism were as much a part of Maycomb society as church and community spirit.
Thursday, March 19, 2020
How to Use Direct Object Pronouns in the Past Tense
How to Use Direct Object Pronouns in the Past Tense Pronouns, while they can be tricky when learning Italian, are such an essential part of sounding fluid and natural in conversation. Who wants to say ââ¬Å"glassesâ⬠a hundred times in a situation like, ââ¬Å"Where are the glasses? Oh, I found the glasses. Letââ¬â¢s put the glasses on the tableâ⬠. You start to sound like a robot, which, letââ¬â¢s be honest, makes it a bit more difficult to make friends. To avoid this, you can use direct object pronouns, which you may know are mi, ti, lo, la, ci, vi, li, and le. Me (m) - Me Ci - Us Ti (t) - You (informal) Vi - You (all) Lo (l) - Him, it Li - Them (masculine) La (l) - Her, it Le - Them (feminine) La (L) - Him/her (formal) Li, Le - You (formal) (masculine feminine) Using Direct Object Pronouns in the Present In the present tense, using direct object pronouns is easier. For example, ââ¬Å"I see itâ⬠, when ââ¬Å"itâ⬠refers to a ââ¬Å"un libro - bookâ⬠, would be, ââ¬Å"Lo vedoâ⬠. But what about when you want to express something in the past tense, like ââ¬Å"I saw itâ⬠, with ââ¬Å"itâ⬠still being ââ¬Å"un libro - a bookâ⬠? It would be, ââ¬Å"Lââ¬â¢ho vistoâ⬠. So what is going on, and how can you use direct object pronouns in the past tense? How to Use Direct Object Pronouns in the Past Tense There are four moving parts to using direct object pronouns in the past tense. Is the noun youââ¬â¢re talking about masculine or feminine?Is the noun youââ¬â¢re talking about singular or plural?What conjugation must you use from the verb ââ¬Å"avereâ⬠or essere?What is the past participle of the main verb? Once youââ¬â¢ve answered these questions, which trust me, will happen automatically after enough practice, youââ¬â¢ll be able to put together past tense sentences with direct object pronouns with ease. Letââ¬â¢s take a look at some examples and break down whatââ¬â¢s happening. Abbiamo visto Teresa. - We saw Theresa. We want to say, We saw her. Is ââ¬Å"Teresaâ⬠masculine or feminine? FEMININE.Is ââ¬Å"Teresaâ⬠singular or plural? SINGULAR.What conjugation must I use from the verb ââ¬Å"avereâ⬠? ABBIAMOWhat is the past participle of the main verb ââ¬Å"vedereâ⬠? VISTO/VEDUTO So, ââ¬Å"We saw herâ⬠would be, ââ¬Å"Labbiamo vista.â⬠à Why does ââ¬Å"vistoâ⬠end in an -a? Thatââ¬â¢s because the ending of the past participle, in this case ââ¬Å"vistoâ⬠, must agree in gender and number with the noun, which is ââ¬Å"Teresaâ⬠. Notice how the pronoun ââ¬Å"laâ⬠is shortened and combined with the verb ââ¬Å"abbiamoâ⬠. This is because ââ¬Å"abbiamoâ⬠begins with a vowel. Ho comprato i pantaloni. - I bought the pants.à We want to say, I bought them. Is the noun ââ¬Å"i pantaloniâ⬠masculine or feminine? MASCULINE.Is the noun ââ¬Å"i pantaloniâ⬠singular or plural? PLURAL.What conjugation must you use from the verb ââ¬Å"avereâ⬠? HOWhat is the past participle of the main verb ââ¬Å"comprareâ⬠? COMPRATO So the sentence, ââ¬Å"I bought themâ⬠would be, ââ¬Å"Li ho compratiâ⬠. Notice here how the last letter of the past participle ââ¬Å"compratoâ⬠changes from an -o to an -i. This is because the ending of the past participle MUST agree in gender and number with the noun. Hereââ¬â¢s another example. Ha ricevuto le lettere. - He received the letters. We want to say instead, ââ¬Å"He received themâ⬠. Is the noun ââ¬Å"le lettereâ⬠masculine or feminine? FEMININE.Is the noun ââ¬Å"le lettereâ⬠singular or plural? PLURAL.What conjugation must you use from the verb ââ¬Å"avereâ⬠? HAWhat is the past participle of the main verb ââ¬Å"ricevereâ⬠? RICEVUTO So, the sentence would become, ââ¬Å"Le ha ricevute.à - He received themâ⬠. TIP: When you have a singular pronoun, like ââ¬Å"loâ⬠or ââ¬Å"laâ⬠, it will almost always combine with the verb, like ââ¬Å"Lââ¬â¢ho letto. - I read it.â⬠Letââ¬â¢s do one more. Sono andati a trovare il nonno. - They visited their grandfather. We want to say, They visited him. Is the noun ââ¬Å"nonnoâ⬠masculine or feminine? MASCULINE.Is the noun ââ¬Å"nonnoâ⬠singular or plural? SINGULAR.What conjugation must you use from the verb ââ¬Å"essereâ⬠? SONOWhat is the past participle of the main verb ââ¬Å"andareâ⬠? ANDATI So if we wanted to change the sentence to ââ¬Å"they visited himâ⬠, it would be: Sono andati a trovarlo. - They visited him. Notice that the pronoun ââ¬Å"loâ⬠is not at the beginning of the sentence like in the past three examples. Youââ¬â¢re able to attach it to the end of the full verb, ââ¬Å"trovareâ⬠, by just removing the -e. This is possible when there are two verbs (like ââ¬Å"andareâ⬠and ââ¬Å"trovareâ⬠) in the phrase. Also, when the auxiliary verb is essere, the verb must agree with the subject.
Tuesday, March 3, 2020
Shakespearean Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream
Shakespearean Love in A Midsummer Nights Dream A Midsummer Nightââ¬â¢s Dream (1600) has been called one of William Shakespeareââ¬â¢s greatest love plays. It has been interpreted as a romantic story in which love ultimately conquers all odds. However, A Midsummer Nightââ¬â¢s Dream is actually a written piece on the importance of fertility, not love. Shakespeareââ¬â¢s ideas about love are represented by the powerless young lovers, by the meddling faeries and their magical love, and by forced love as opposed to chosen love. All of these points undermine the argument that this play is a typical ââ¬Å"love storyâ⬠and help build the case that Shakespeare actually intends to demonstrate the powers of sex and fertility over love. The first idea of love is its powerlessness, represented by the ââ¬Å"trueâ⬠lovers. Lysander and Hermia are the only two characters in the play who are actually in love. Yet, their love is forbidden both by Hermiaââ¬â¢s father and by Duke Theseus. Hermiaââ¬â¢s father speaks of Lysanderââ¬â¢s love as witchcraft, saying Lysander is ââ¬Å"the man that bewitched the bosom of my childâ⬠and ââ¬Å"with feigning voice verses of feigning love/stolââ¬â¢n the impression of her fantasyâ⬠(27, 31-2). These lines prove that true love is an illusion, a false ideal.à Egeus goes on to say that Hermia belongs to him, proclaiming, ââ¬Å"she is mine, and all my right of her/I do estate unto Demetriusâ⬠(97-98). These lines demonstrate the lack of power that Hermia and Lysanderââ¬â¢s love holds in the presence of familial law. Furthermore, Demetrius tells Lysander to ââ¬Å"yield thy crazà ©d title to my certain right,â⬠which means that it is only to the worthiest suitor that a father must give his daughter, regardless of love (91-2). Finally, Hermia and Lysanderââ¬â¢s eventually wedlock is due to two things: faerie intervention and noble decree. The faeries enchant Demetrius to fall in love with Helena, therefor freeing Theseus to allow Hermia and Lysanderââ¬â¢s union. With his words, ââ¬Å"Egeus, I will overbear your will; / For in the temple, by and by, with us / These couples shall eternally be knit,â⬠Theseus is proving that it is not love which is responsible for the joining of two people, but the will of those in power (178-80). Thus, even for the true lovers, it is not love which conquers, but power in the form of royal decree. The second idea, the weakness of love, comes in the form of faerie magic. The four young lovers and the imbecilic actor are entangled in a love game, puppet-mastered by Oberon and Puck. The faerieââ¬â¢s meddling causes both Lysander and Demetrius, who were fighting over Hermia, to fall for Helena. Lysanderââ¬â¢s confusion even leads him to believe he hates Hermia; he asks her,ââ¬Å"Why seekââ¬â¢st thou me? Could not this make thee know / the hate I bear thee made me leave thee so?â⬠(189-90). That his love is so easily extinguished and turned to hatred shows that even a true loverââ¬â¢s fire can be put out by the feeblest wind.à Furthermore, Titania, the powerful faerie goddess, is bewitched into falling in love with Bottom, who has been given a donkeyââ¬â¢s head by mischievous Puck. When Titania exclaims ââ¬Å"What visions have I seen! / Methought I was enamored of an ass,â⬠we are meant to see that love will cloud our judgment and make even the normally level-headed person do foolish things (75-76). Ultimately, Shakespeare makes the point that love cannot be trusted to withstand any length of time and that lovers are made into fools. Finally, Shakespeare gives us two examples of choosing powerful unions, rather than amorous ones, in A Midsummer Nightââ¬â¢s Dream. First, there is the tale of Theseus and Hippolyta. In lines 16-17, Theseus says to Hippolyta, ââ¬Å"I wooed thee with my sword / And won thy love doing thee injuries.â⬠Thus, the first relationship that we are greeted with is the result of Theseus claiming Hippolyta after defeating her in battle. Rather than courting and loving her, Theseus has conquered and enslaved her. He creates the union for solidarity and strength between the two kingdoms.à Next is the example of Oberon and Titania, whose separation from each other results in the world becoming barren. Titania exclaims, ââ¬Å"The spring, the summer / The childing autumn, angry winter, change / Their wonted liveries, and the mazà ©d world / By their increase now knows not which is whichâ⬠(111-14). These lines make it clear that it is not in consideration of love that these two must be joined, but in consideration of the fertility and health of the world. In general, then, it is not love that decides who should be joined, but the fertileness created by the union. The sub-plots in A Midsummer Nightââ¬â¢s Dream demonstrate Shakespeareââ¬â¢s dissatisfaction with the idea of love as a supreme power and his belief that power and fertility are the two prime factors in deciding a union. The images of greenery and nature throughout the story, as when Puck speaks of Titania and Oberon meeting neither ââ¬Å"in grove or green / By fountain clear, or spangled starlight sheenâ⬠further suggest the importance that Shakespeare places on fertility (28-29). Also, the faerie presence within Athens at the end of the play, as sung by Oberon, suggests that lust is the enduring power and, without it, love cannot last: ââ¬Å"Now, until the break of day / Through this house each fairy stray / To the best bride-bed will we / Which by us shall blessed beâ⬠(196-99).à Ultimately, Shakespeareââ¬â¢s A Midsummer Nightââ¬â¢s Dream suggests that believing only in love, creating bonds based on a fleeting notion rather than on lasting principles such as fertility (offspring) and power (security), is to be ââ¬Å"enamored of an ass.ââ¬
Saturday, February 15, 2020
The ethical principle of Facebook as An Emotional Contagion Essay
The ethical principle of Facebook as An Emotional Contagion - Essay Example An analysis of this experiment in light of the utilitarian theory of ethics shows that this experiment is morally justifiable. This is because, although the experiment violates some individual rights of the subjects of the experiment, the experiment findings, however, is quite useful and can be used in many ways; this, in essence, means that the experiment will lead to making the majority of people happy. This, therefore, means that that experiment is morally justifiable in light of the utilitarianism.The experiment is, however, morally unjustifiable in light of the Kantian deontology. This is because the subjects of the experiment were used not as human beings with intrinsic worth, i.e ends in themselves, but rather as means to some end. This is because the experiment violated some individual rights of the subjects of the experiment. This fact, therefore, shows that the experiment is unethical in light of the Kantian deontology.According to my moral worldview, this experiment is mor ally unjustifiable. This is because the experiment clearly violates some basic rights of its subjects. Although, the experiment can, of course, benefits many people, the experiment doesnââ¬â¢t take cognizance of the individual rights of its subjects. This fact, therefore, shows that the experiment is morally unjustifiable. To avoid this moral problem, future experiments and research in technology involving human beings should be done only after getting the consent of the intended subjects of the experiment.
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